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The Western Xia (), also known as the Xi Xia Empire, the Tangut Empire and to the Tangut people and the Tibetans as Minyak,〔Stein (1972), pp. 70–71.〕 was an empire which existed from 1038 to 1227 in what are now the northwestern Chinese provinces of Ningxia, Gansu, eastern Qinghai, northern Shaanxi, northeastern Xinjiang, southwest Inner Mongolia, and southernmost Outer Mongolia, measuring about eight hundred thousand square kilometers.〔Wang, Tianshun () (1993). Xixia zhan shi (Battle History of Western Xia ) 西夏战史. Yinchuan (), Ningxia ren min chu ban she (People's Press ) 宁夏人民出版社.〕〔Bian, Ren () (2005). Xixia: xiao shi zai li shi ji yi zhong de guo du (Xia: the kingdom lost in historical memories ) 西夏: 消逝在历史记忆中的国度. Beijing (), Wai wen chu ban she (Language Press ) 外文出版社.〕〔Li, Fanwen () (2005). Xixia tong shi (History of Western Xia ) 西夏通史. Beijing () and Yinchuan (), Ren min chu ban she (Press ) 人民出版社; Ningxia ren min chu ban she (People's Press ) 宁夏人民出版社.〕 The state suffered from devastating destruction by the Mongols who founded the Mongol Empire, including most of its written records and architecture. Its founders and history therefore remained controversial until recent research conducted both in the West and within China. The Western Xia occupied the area of important trade route between North China and Central Asia, the Hexi Corridor. The Western Xia made significant achievements in literature, art, music, and architecture, which was characterized as "shining and sparkling".〔Zhao, Yanlong () (2005). "Qian tan xi xia gong wen wen feng yu gong wen zai ti (brief discussion on the writing style in official documents and documental carrier ) 浅谈西夏公文文风与公文载体." Xibei min zu yan jiu (Nationalities Research ) 西北民族研究 45(2): 78-84.〕 Their extensive stance among the other empires of the Liao, Song, and Jin was attributable to their effective military organizations that integrated cavalry, chariots, archery, shields, artillery (cannons carried on the back of camels), and amphibious troops for combats on land and water.〔Qin, Wenzhong (), Zhou Haitao () and Qin Ling () (1998). "Xixia jun shi ti yu yu ke xue ji shu (military sports, science and technology of West Xia ) 西夏军事体育与科学技术." Ningxia da xue xue bao (of Ningxia University ) 宁夏大学学报 79 (2): 48-50.〕 ==Name== The full title of the Western Xia as named by their own state is "90px" reconstructed as / *phiow¹-bjij²-lhjij-lhjij²/ which translates as "The Great Xia State of the White and the Lofty" (白高大夏國), or called "mjɨ-njaa" or "khjɨ-dwuu-lhjij" (萬秘國). The region was known to the Tanguts and the Tibetans as Minyak.〔〔Dorje (1999), p. 444.〕 "Western Xia" is the literal translation of the state's Chinese name. It is derived from its location on the western side of the Yellow River, in contrast to the Liao (916–1125) and Jin (1115–1234) dynasties on its east and the Song in the southeast. The English term "Tangut" comes from the Mongolian name for the country, ''Tangghut'' ((unicode:Taŋɣud)), believed to reflect the same word as "Dangxiang" () found in Chinese literature. 抄文引用元・出典: フリー百科事典『 ウィキペディア（Wikipedia）』 ■ウィキペディアで「Western Xia」の詳細全文を読む スポンサード リンク
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